在英语中,be动词(am/is/are/was/were)主要用于构成谓语,表示“是”的概念。以下是具体不需要使用be动词的情况:
一、实义动词作谓语时
当句子中有实义动词(如动词原形、过去分词、现在分词等)作谓语时,be动词通常不需要使用。
例句:
- The cat is sleeping. (实义动词sleeping作后置定语)
- They are playing soccer.
- I like swimming. (like是实义动词)
- She has finished her homework. (has done是助动词+过去分词)
- The book was written by him. (was written是被动语态)
二、固定词组和形容词修饰时
- be busy with(忙于)、be famous for(因……著名)、be used to(习惯于)等。
- The cake tastes delicious. (tastes是系动词,delicious是形容词)
三、句子结构特殊时
- The meeting started. (等同于The meeting was started,但后者语法错误)。
- Here comes the bus! (正常语序为The bus comes here)。
四、其他注意事项
时态与be动词:进行时态(如现在进行时、过去进行时)必须使用be动词。
被动语态的替代:非谓语动词(如过去分词)可替代be动词,例如:
The problem was solved. (替代为The problem was solved by him)。
总结:be动词主要用于构建系表结构(如主语+be+形容词)或被动语态,当句子中已有实义动词承担谓语功能时,be动词可省略或用其他动词替代。