初中英语中形式宾语的用法是语法学习的重要部分,主要用于简化句子结构并突出谓语动词。以下是具体讲解:
一、基本概念
形式宾语是英语语法中的一种结构,用 it作为形式主语或宾语,而将真正的宾语(如从句、动名词等)置于句末。这种结构可避免头重脚轻,使句子更平衡。
二、基本结构
形式宾语的基本结构为:
$$text{动词} + text{it} + text{宾语补足语} + text{真正宾语}$$
例如:
I find it difficult to learn English. (真正宾语:learn English)
The teacher made it clear that we should study hard. (真正宾语:that we should study hard)
三、常见用法场景
不定式作宾语
当不定式作宾语且后接宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语。
- 例:He found it hard to finish the task.
- 例:She thinks it necessary to protect the environment.
动名词作宾语
动名词作宾语时,it同样适用。
- 例:He likes it very much to travel.
- 例:They enjoy it when we help them.
宾语从句作宾语
当宾语从句较长或较复杂时,用it作形式宾语,将从句后置。
- 例:I think it best that you stay here.
- 例:She found it difficult to understand the problem.
四、注意事项
动词选择
常见使用动词:think, find, make, consider, believe, suppose 等。
- 例:We made it clear that we needed more help.
- 例:They considered it a good idea.
宾语补足语
形式宾语it后需接宾语补足语,且通常为形容词、名词或不定式。
- 例:He made it interesting.
- 例:She found it surprising that he was late.
特殊疑问词
用what, when, where, who等特殊疑问词引导的从句也可作真正宾语。
- 例:He asked what we did yesterday.
- 例:She wondered where he was going.
五、典型错误与纠正
常见错误:将真正宾语置于句首或中间
正确:使用it作形式宾语
例:
错误:She thinks that we should study hard.
正确:She thinks it necessary that we study hard.
通过以上讲解,学生应掌握形式宾语的用法,并能在实际语境中灵活运用。